Bornholm History — from Prehistory to Modern Times

Bornholm has an exceptionally rich human history — from the first people who arrived after the ice retreated, through the Bronze and Iron Ages, to the Middle Ages when the island became a key point on the Baltic.

Today you can read that story in the landscape: castle ruins, defensive round churches, prehistoric rock carvings, and museums that also cover the dramatic events of the 20th century.

Bornholm history at a glance

1) Prehistory — early settlers and traces thousands of years old

Bornholm’s earliest human traces go far back in time. Archaeological finds and ritual rock carvings remain as a visible “signature” of ancient cultures.

2) The Viking Age and early Middle Ages — the Baltic as a highway

Bornholm’s location on Baltic routes made it a natural stop and a strategic point. Stories of trade, sailing and shifting influence are woven into the island’s past.

3) The Middle Ages — fortified round churches and Hammershus

Bornholm is famous for its round churches — unique buildings that served both worship and defence. Hammershus remains the island’s most iconic medieval symbol, spectacularly placed above the sea.

4) Modern times — ports, trade and the 20th century

Harbours and trade shaped town life for centuries. The 20th century brought war and rebuilding — best explored through museum exhibitions that place events in a clear and moving context.