The Ertholmene Archipelago: charming islands of history and nature

Ertholmene’s story reaches back to the Middle Ages, when fishermen from Bornholm used the islands as temporary shelter. A major turning point came during the Danish–Swedish conflicts around the late 17th and early 18th centuries, when the archipelago gained permanent residents and military importance.

In 1684, Denmark began building a fort on Christiansø and Frederiksø to establish a strategic naval base in the Baltic Sea. The fort served the Danish navy until 1855. The church on Christiansø—originally built for the garrison—still reflects this period today.

The population peaked in 1810 at 829 residents (including many soldiers). Some former military buildings are now used by locals, while others are rented to visitors during the season. Ertholmene has preserved its distinctive look for more than 300 years—granite walls, cannons facing the sea and coherent architecture create a rare “time-stood-still” atmosphere.

Store Tårn has served as a lighthouse for more than 200 years, while the round tower on Frederiksø, Lille Tårn, operates as a museum with artefacts and stories connected to the islands.

Ertholmene has long attracted artists—especially painters. The rugged beauty, stone, sea and unique light make the islands ideal for observation and creative work. A small group of artists still lives here year-round.

The archipelago is part of a protected nature area, and its character is carefully preserved. Restrictions help maintain authenticity: changes to buildings and landscape are limited, and even modern infrastructure is discreetly hidden so it doesn’t disturb the historic “frame”.

It’s an excellent spot for a calm walk, birdwatching and a real reset away from bigger resorts—especially outside peak season.